ADSL high speed telephone internet connections, uses a special modem, separate line, faster than cable on dedicated line, must be within a prescribed distance from a telephone switching stations (about 3K)
receives.

ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange
This is the standard method for encoding characters as 8-bit sequences of binary numbers, allowing a maximum of 256 characters. Text files are customarily called ASCII files.
 
ad banner
a.k.a. banner ad

AVI: Audio Video Interleave
This is a Windows platform audio and video file type, a common format for small movies and videos. A 20-second movie clip in .avi format could be as much a 3MB in size.
 
Analogue Electronics
Can create a signal with an infinity of voltages as opposed to Digital electronics that has only 2 voltages On (HI) and Off (Lo).
A phonograph LP recording (scratch) is analogue while a CD is digital.

Analogue to Digital conversion A/D -  analogue signals such as sound or light (infinite variations) are converted into digital code for storage or sending across the internet or space.

Anti Aliasing
Smoothing the jaggy edges of a selections or drawing/painting tools in digital graphic arts.
Banner
An advertisement on a Web page, it links to another Web site or buffer page. Ad banners are the most common unit of advertising on the Web and cost anywhere from free to $5,000 to more than $150,000 per month depending on the amount of traffic and page views the Web site (and thus the ad banner)

Bandwidth
This refers to the difference, measured in Hz, between the highest and lowest frequencies of a transmission. Most people loosely refer to bandwidth as the amount of data that can be transferred over a network connection.

Baud rate
This is a unit used to measure the number of data bits a modem can transfer in one second. One baud is how many signals a modem can handle in one second. Information is measured in bits, and bits come in the signal. Higher baud modems can send and receive more signals in one second, and the faster speeds also cram more bits into a signal.

BinHex: BINary HEXadecimal
This is a method of converting non-text, non-ASCII into ASCII. This is necessary because Internet e-mail can only handle ASCII.

Bit
One piece of digital information. A byte = 4 bits. A bit is a 1 or a 0 .

Bitmap
.BMP is a file format for storing digital raster images. Each pixel is define as a colour and a location.

Browser
A browser is a program used to view, download, upload, surf or otherwise access pages on the World Wide Web.
 Browsers access servers and read HTML pages to translate the code into what we see. The final product is referred to as a rendered Web page.
Netscape and Microsoft Internet Explorer and are examples of Web browsers. The program you are using right now to view this information is called a browser.

Bug
A bug is a programming error that causes a program or computer system to perform erratically, produce incorrect results or crash. The term bug was coined when a real insect was discovered to have fouled up one of the circuits of the first electronic digital computer, the ENIAC.

Cable - a type of communications wire called coaxial designed to transmit TV to homes has been adopted as an Internet medium for High Speed data traffic.
The limitation of cable is the fact that whiloe you are connected (almost always) you are on the same IP address ........ thios makes it easier for hackers to get into your computer or home network.

Cache
A cache temporarily stores information from a page in your computer. If you request a page that is stored in a cache, your browser retrieves the page from the cache more quickly than it could from its location on the network.
Sometimes you may not want a page to be retrieved from a cache. The page you brought initially may no longer be identical to the page currently offered by the network. If a modification to a particular URL has occurred, you may want the updated page rather than the now stale copy. You can modify your cache preferences in Netscape under Edit > Preferences > Advanced > Cache. Internet Explorer users should go to View > Internet Options > Temporary Internet Files > Settings.

CCD
The light sensitive element that has replaced film in digital cameras.

CDR
A rewrite type CD

Colour Cast ----- appears when an image appears to be cast from particular colour as if a filter was applied

CDROM Non rewriteable digital information storage disc developed by Sony and Philips electronics in the early 1980's.

CGI: Common Gateway Interface
This is the standard for running programs on a server from a Web page. Gateway programs, or scripts, are executable programs that can be run by themselves. They have been made external programs in order to allow them to run interchangeably under various information servers. Gateways conforming to this specification can be written in any language that produces executable files. Some of the more popular languages include: C or C++, Perl, Python, TCL and shells.

Chat
This is another term for Internet Relay Chat.

Client
In Internet terms, it's an application that performs a specific function, such as Telnet or FTP. It's the front-end to an Internet process. In more general terms, a client is a computer system or process that requests a service of another computer system or process. The much talked about client-server architecture refers to a workstation requesting the contents of a file from a server. that are disabled or inaccessible.

CMYK Cyan Magenta Yellow Black are the colours used in the subtractive colour system used in printing such as inkjets and dye sublimation printers.

Colour Bit Depth
1bit = black + white
8bit
256 bit B/W = Greyscale
24 bit colour can generate 16.7 million colours (photorealistic) your eyes can perceive 10 million colours

Compression
To make a file smaller such as in SAVE to WEB in PhotoShop or ZIP etc.
A .JPG image file can various level of compression and the image quality will be a reflection of the level of compression.

Cookie
A cookie is something that you clicked on while using the Internet. The cookie is stored in a text file on your hard drive. This information is usually accessed by a server when you connect to a Web site that requires some information about you or your system. As a user, you log into a system by entering your username and password. A text file is then saved by your browser for later access. This occurrence is called "handing a cookie." It prevents you from having to log in again if you happen to leave the Web site and return later. Cookies are also used in the process of purchasing items on the Web. By saving user information to a text file as someone moves through a shopping Web site, the user can later go to an order form and view all of the items that they have selected.

Cyberspace
This is the "world of computers and the society that gathers around them," as referred to by William Gibson in his fantasy novel Neuromancer. It now loosely refers to the online world and even more loosely to the Internet.

Download
This means to copy data, usually an entire file, from a main source to a peripheral device. The term is often used to describe the process of copying a file from an online service to one's own computer.

Contrast The range of tones in an image between a highlight and a shadow.

CPU the central processing unit of a computer ( the brain )

Digital Electronics a system a that use 2 states on - off / hi - lo / 5Volts - 0 volts
analogue signals (infinite variation) are sampled at many times a second and the analogue voltages
are converted to a digital number and stored in digital storage media. Later the digital signal is changed back to an analogue system for human sensing.

D/A conversion -- occurs when a binary (1/0's) signal is changed back to an analogue (real world) signal. An example is when you play a CD


Download as opposed to upload a file is received by the client ( your computer ) from the server the remote host computer where the file is resident.

Digital Zoom - as opposed to optical zoom the camera uses a programme to enlarge the pixels resulting in an enlarged image with reduced quality.

DPI dots per inch
set your internet images for 72 or 96 DPI
set your print images to 300 0r 600 dpi

DPOF digital print order format used to mark digital images for processing at retailers like Blacks or Henry's

Driver
software that tells a computer how to operate a remote device such as a printer or webcam or printer.

DVD -  is the new generation of optical disc storage technology. DVD is essentially a bigger, faster CD that can hold cinema-like video, better-than-CD audio, still photos, and computer data. DVD aims to encompass home entertainment, computers, and business information with a single digital format. It has replaced laserdisc, is well on the way to replacing videotape and video game cartridges, and could eventually replace audio CD and CD-ROM. DVD has widespread support from all major electronics companies, all major computer hardware companies, and all major movie and music studios. With this unprecedented support, DVD became the most successful consumer electronics product of all time in less than three years of its introduction. In 2003, six years after introduction, there were over 250 million DVD playback devices worldwide, counting DVD players, DVD PCs, and DVD game consoles. This was more than half the numbers of VCRs, setting DVD up to become the new standard for video publishing.       http://www.dvddemystified.com/dvdfaq.html#1.1

EVF - electronic (eyeball) viewfinder often found on digital still and video cams

Exposure - the amount of light that falls on the CCD of a digital camera
exposure is controlled by the the
A) aperture (opening to the camera)
B) shutter speed (the shutter opens and closes to allow light to pass by the lens an aperature to the CCD (film in a regular camera)

Electronic Mail: e-mail
This is a method by which computer users can exchange messages with each other over a network. E-mail is probably the most widely-used communications tool on the Internet. There are many quirky conventions to e-mail, but most entail a "To:," a "From:" and "Subject:" line. One of e-mail's advantages is its ability to be forwarded and replied to easily.
 
Encryption
This is the basis of network security. Encryption encodes network packets to prevent anyone except the intended recipient from accessing the data.
FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions
FAQs are widely available on the Internet and usually take the form of large, instructional text files. They are written on a wide variety of topics and are usually the most up-to-date source for specialized information.

Feathered edge
a soft edge created by a fading away of the light intensity from the edge ..... use it allot of pro results

Firewall - software used block hacker invasions on a web connected computer

Fire wire - a wired input to your computer for the fast transfer of large (usually image files)
- a MAC invention so standard on a MAC add on to a PC
- essential for digital video editing

Fixed Lens ( can't optically zoom)

Flash Memory a fast memory chip that can remember all the data even when the power is turned off
Memory Sticks, Compact Flash, MultiMedia Cards, Olympus xD Picture Cards used in MP3 players Pocket computers, and Digital Cameras.

Freeware
Freeware is... free, just as you'd imagine it! The software was developed just for the sake of providing you, the end user, with a cool new application. If you really like the program, you might take a moment to send the author a thank you note, but there are no strings attached to these programs.

FTP: File Transfer Protocol
This is the most widely-used way of downloading and uploading files across an Internet connection. The File Transfer Protocol is a standardized way to connect computers so that files can be shared between them easily. There is a set of commands in FTP for making and changing directories, transferring, copying, moving and deleting files. Formerly, all FTP connections were text-based, but graphical applications are now available that make FTP commands as easy as dragging and dropping. FTP clients exist for a number of platforms.

GIF: Graphics Interchange Format
This format was developed by CompuServe using compression technology from Unisys. On the World Wide Web, pictures and graphics that you see on Web pages are usually in GIF format because the files are small and download quickly.

Hacker
This is a computer user who works to understand the ins and outs of computers, networks and the Internet. Hackers are generally benign and believe that information should be free.
 
Hard Drive the main memory centre in your computer.

Home Network - a homenetwork can be configured by connecting your cable  modem to a hub or router and then splitting off from there to other computers (usually 4 allowed ) on Cat. 5 network cable or better still to a wireless switch to computers equipped with wireless network adapters



Interpolation -- when you stretch an image the computer has to interpolate for missing information and thus lowers the image quality (pixelation) blocky squares.

Instant Messaging
This is a type of communications service that enables you to create a private chat room with another individual. Typically, the instant messaging system alerts you whenever somebody on your private list is online. You can then initiate a chat session with that particular individual.
MSN is an instant messenger

Internet
The Internet is a globally linked system of computers that are logically connected based on the Internet Protocol (IP). The Internet provides different ways to access private and public information worldwide.

IP: Internet Protocol

Intranet
This is a private network, inside a company or an organization, that uses the same kinds of software that you would find on the public Internet. The difference is that an intranet is only for internal use. As the Internet has become more popular, many of the tools used on the Internet are being used in private networks. For example, many companies have Web servers that are available only to employees.

ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network
ISDN technology combines voice and digital network services in a single medium. ISDN makes it possible for communications carriers to offer their customers digital data services as well as voice connections through a single line. CCITT defines the standards relating to ISDN.
 
Jaggies --- those white pixels around an image that has been cut out and imported ........ prevent this by creating a matt in the SAFE for WEB function.

JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group
This is one of the two most common types of images used on the World Wide Web, the other being GIF. JPEG is named after the Joint Photographic Experts
 

Logic> digital electronic systems use a 2 state binary system to compute information ..... its lucky that computers can work at high speeds because it is a rather unwieldy system.
As well as binary numbers (0 or 1) digital systems use a philosophical system called logic and truth tables. Electronic gates constructed of transistor switches are used as follows
AND all inputs Hi output high
OR    one of 2 or more inputs high output goes high
NOT  if input is Hi the output is inverted to a Lo
as odd as it seems all of digital electronics is based on logic as described by a few basic logic gaes, ...... fortunately the computer works quickly (high speed idiot)
 

Link Hypertext
A link is a text or an image area on a Web page that a user can click on to connect to or reference another document. Links can connect several kinds of documents. Most commonly, links are thought of as what connects two Web pages or Web sites.

LCD a type of screen that uses liquid crystal pixels ....... like your calculator

Lossy a type of image file that results in a loss of data such a compressed files like JPG
TIFF and RAW file formats are not lossy but the file sizes are huge compared (30- 50 mB!)

Macro a camera setting that allows you to take close up pictures 15cm and closer.

Marquee --- the outline of dots that surround a cut/selected digital image

Marshall McLuhan Canadian Media Guru - the rest of the world is just now catching up to his wisdom regarding the impact of media on human ideosphere
"The Global Village "
"Art is anything you can get away with."
"Publication is a self-invasion of privacy."
"There are no passengers on Spaceship Earth. We are all crew."
"Advertising is an environmental striptease for a world of abundance.
"Ads are the cave art of the twentieth century."
"Turn on, tune in, drop out"

Mega Pixel a camera that develops over 1 million pixels of information on the CCD light sensor of a digital camera.

MPEG: Motion Picture Experts Group

MPEG is a type of audio or video file that is commonly found on the Internet. In order to hear or see an MPEG movie, you will need to install a helper application or a Web browser plug-in. MPEG is an algorithm for compressing audio and video; it is not to be confused with Motion-JPEG.

Modem
Modem means modulate/de-modulate because that's exactly what it does with a signal. A modem is a piece of hardware, either internal or external, that allows your computer to connect to other computers. You can also send faxes and make data connections and voice connections if your type of modem supports it. To change from ANALOGUE to DIGITAL

MP3: MPEG-1, Layer 3

MPEG-1, Layer 3 is an amazing standard for audio compression. It is capable of 10:1 compression with little loss in quality. An audio sample at CD Quality (44KHz, 16 bit, Stereo) takes up 172KB for every second with a standard WAV Audio file. MP3 compression takes only 16KB per second when compressed at the standard bit rate of 128Kbps. By compressing at lower bit rates, MP3s can be lowered to 12KB per second with some quality loss.

MUD: Multi-User Domain

Multimedia
This is the use of computers to present text, graphics, video, animation and sound in an integrated way.

Network ---- 2 or more computers and peripherals are tied together as a functional unit your computer is part of a giant global network when connected to the Internet.

Netiquette
A combination of the words "'Net" and "etiquette," this refers to proper behavior on a network, and more generally, the Internet. The key element in Netiquette is remembering that actual people are on the other end of a computer connection, and offensive comments or actions are just as offensive, even if you can't see the recipient. Other rules of Netiquette include not wasting bandwidth or other users' time. For instance, sending unsolicited e-mail attachments constitutes bad Netiquette.

Network
A network is two or more computers that are connected. The most common types of networks are:
· LAN, local area network:
The computers are in close proximity to one another. The are usually in the same office space, room or building
· WAN, wide area network:
The computers are in different geographic locations and are connected by telephone lines or radio waves.
the wealth of data that Usenet contains.

Peripheral --- a device connected to a computer such as a printer or camera/scanner/

POP: Post Office Protocol
This is a protocol designed to allow individual users to read mail from a server. There are three versions: POP, POP2 and POP3. When e-mail is sent to you, it is stored on the server until it is accessed by you. Once you are authenticated, the POP is used to transmit the stored mail from the server to your local mailbox on your client machine.

Protocol
Protocol, put simply, is the "language" spoken between computers to help them exchange information. More technically, it's a formal description of message formats and rules that two computers must follow to exchange those messages. Protocols can describe low-level details of machine-to-machine

Pixel -- picture / element = pixel the small units of image that you seen in print or on the computer monitor.

PNG 8 / PNG 24 portable networks graphics digital image file format

RAM
random access memory the chip(S) that store information that the CPU is currently working with increases in RAM will always speed up the performance of a computer especially when working with graphics intensive programmes such as PhotoShop.

RGB colour system uses 256 levels of each of the additive primary colours to define colours digitally
since digital use a 2 bit system there are a possible 2 to the power of 256 or 25 million colours available more than the human eye can perceive.
WHITE = 256 256 256    or in hex   ff   ff   ff
BLACK = 000 000 000    or in hex 00 00 00
GREEN = 000 xxx  000
etc and all the many combinations!!!
 

Removable media ------ flash cards / cds / floppies from cameras MP3 players

Resolution
The amount of digital information in a digital image (how grainy a picture looks) the higher the resolution the better most images will appear and the larger the image file.
640x480 pixels = about 50 Kb file sizes.

Saturation to increase the intensity of the primary colours in and image use the sponge tool in Photoshop to Increase/decrease the saturation level of an image

Search Engine
This is a program that searches one or more documents for specified keywords and returns a list of locations where those keywords were found. Although search engines are really a general class of programs, the term is often used to specifically describe systems like Alta Vista and Excite that enable users to search for documents on the World Wide Web and in USENET newsgroups.

Selection tool - lasso, magnet, magic wand are all tools used to select and mask parts of an image that will be surrounded by a marquee line

Shareware
This is software that you can download, try and decide whether or not it's right for you. If you like it, you pay a nominal fee for the full-featured program. If you don't want to keep it, shareware programs usually either stop functioning after a period of time or they continue to work but will never have all of the features that the purchased version would have.



 

Sir Sandford Fleming (Canadian) -  Proposed the present system of standard time, by which the world is divided into 24 equal time zones and a telegraph communication cabling system that connected all of the British Empire that was completed in 1902.

Shutter Speed will determine along with the aperture amount of light exposure the CCD will receive when taking a digital image.
Taking the image of a moving object with a slow shutter speed will create a lighter image and the subject will be blurred due to timed exposure over the traveled distance while the shutter was open
Sports/wildlife photography uses high shutter speeds

Subject modes/Scene modes ----- special situation automatic digital camera settings

- they are usually set ups for twilight , night , interior lighting , etc. scene modes are great for automated settings in difficult settings.

Server
A server is simply a computer that provides resources, such as files or other information. Common Internet servers include file servers and name servers like the Domain Name Service to access the Internet. When you upload (FTP) your files to the internet you are sending them to a server which can serve them to a client.

Spam
This is the inappropriate use of a mailing list, Usenet or other networked system. Spamming is sending the same message to a large number of people who didn't ask for it. The term might have come from a famous Monty Python skit that features the word "spam" over and over. The term may also have come from someone's low opinion of the food product with the same name, which is generally perceived as a generic content-free waste of resources. Spam, the processed meat product, is a registered trademark of Hormel Corporation.

Streaming
Streaming means that audio, video and text are made available for viewing on your computer even as they are in the process of downloading to your system from a Web site.

TIFF standard format for high-resolution bitmapped graphics ( huge file sizes good for consumer product advertisement pictures)

T1
This is a term used to denote the type of connection of a host to the Internet. A T1 transmits a DS-1 formatted digital signal at 1.544Mbps.

T3
This is another term used to denote the type of connection of a host to the Internet. A T3 transmits a DS-3 formatted digital signal at 44.746Mbps.

TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

TCP/IP is the standard communications protocol required for Internet computers. To communicate using TCP/IP, PCs need a set of software components called a TCP/IP stack. UNIX systems are built with TCP/IP capabilities.

TWAIN technology without an independent name ------ a universal protocol to allow peripherals such as cameras and scanners to connect to computers.

URL: Universal Resource Locator
More commonly referred to as the URL, the Universal Resource Locator is the entire series that is recognized universally as the address for an Internet resource. Each resource on the Internet has a unique URL. URLs begin with letters that identify the resource type, such as http, ftp or gopher. These types are followed by a colon and two slashes. Next, the computer's name is listed, followed by the directory and filename of the remote resource.

Upload
To upload means to transmit data from a computer to a bulletin board service, mainframe or network.

Utility
This is a program that performs a very specific task, usually related to managing system resources. Such as a virus checker

USB 1 universal serial bus port a fast wired connection to your computer
USB 2 an even faster version of the above same connectors are used

Virus
This program replicates itself on computer systems by incorporating itself into other programs that are shared among computer systems.

WAV: Waveform Audio
This is the format for storing sound in files that was developed jointly by Microsoft and IBM. Support for WAV files was built into Windows 95, making it the de facto standard for sound on PCs. WAV sound files end with a .wav extension and can be played by nearly all Windows applications that support sound.

World Wide Web
The "Web" is a collection of online documents housed on Internet servers around the world. The concept of the Web was created by researchers at CERN in Switzerland. Web documents are written in HTML. To access these documents, you have to use a Web browser like Netscape, Microsoft Explorer or Mosaic. When these browsers access a page, the server uses the Hypertext Transfer Protocol, or HTTP, to send the document to your computer.

Worm
A worm is a computer program that replicates itself and is self-propagating. While viruses are designed to cause problems on a local system and are passed through boot sectors of disks and through files, worms are designed to thrive in network environments.
Network worms were first defined by Shoch & Hupp of Xerox in ACM Communications (March 1982).
The most infamous worm was the Internet Worm of November 1988. It successfully propagated itself on over 6,000 systems across the Internet. SInce then worms have been a constant problem.

White Balance ------ sets the digital camera settings t compensate for a variety of indoor and outdoor ligting settings

Wide Angle Lens -----a short focal length lens that gives a wide angle of view and a long depth of focus.

ZIP
A Zip file is a Microsoft Windows-based compressed file. It can contain several files and a directory structure. On the Internet, large graphics and programs are usually compressed into ZIP files and then made available for download. After you download this file, you need to use decompression software program to "Unzip" the file. Several popular tools exist for zipping: PKZIP in the DOS operating system, TurboZip Express, WinZip and NetZIP in Windows, MacZip for Macintosh users, and Zip.
 

MS Harris

We are in the Age of Possibility .....any thing is possible.
you are responsible for your experience. A new Super Power is emerging ......... "the human race"  it has no need for the oligarchy the plutocracy or the clerics.