Speed of Replication animationProkaryotesThe single molecule of DNA that is the
E. coli genome contains 4.7 x 106 nucleotide pairs. DNA
replication begins at a single, fixed location in this molecule, the
replication origin, proceeds at about
1000 nucleotides per second, and thus is done in no more than 40 minutes.
And thanks to the precision of the process (which includes a
"proof-reading" function), the job is done with only about one incorrect
nucleotide for every 109 nucleotides inserted. In other words,
more often than not, the E. coli genome (4.7 x 106) is copied
without error! EukaryotesThe average human chromosome contains 150 x 106 nucleotide pairs which are copied at about 50 base pairs per second. The process would take a month (rather than the hour it actually does) but for the fact that there are many places on the eukaryotic chromosome where replication can begin. Replication begins at some replication origins earlier in S phase than at others, but the process is completed for all by the end of S phase. As replication nears completion, "bubbles" of newly replicated DNA meet and fuse, finally forming two new molecules. after Kimball
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